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Mongol Invasion of Rus’ Begins | Siege of Ryazan (1237)

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🚩 Watch more in-depth analyses of historical battles: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCXkFAimtCjdHRC3Po4vDcAFhtrsOhb8R

⚔️ In 1235, the great Mongol army under Batu and Subutai commenced its fateful Western Campaign. Their aim: to subjugate all peoples living west of the Mongol Empire, exactly as the great Genghis Khan had envisioned. But, before the Mongols could enter Europe proper, they would have to defeat the proud nations inhabiting the East European Plain – the nomadic Cumans of the Great Steppe and the divided principalities of medieval Rus. What followed was a grinding five-year campaign of savage brutality and devastation, fought in freezing conditions of Russian winter against a dogged and defiant opponent. Welcome to our first video on the Mongol invasion of Rus.

📝 Bibliography:
➤ Chambers, J. (1979) The Devil’s Horsemen. The Mongol Invasion of Europe
➤ Fennell, J. (1983) The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200—1304.
➤ Galeotti, M. (2024) Forged in War: A Military History of Russia, From its Beginnings to Today.
➤ Tolochko, P. (2003) Nomadic Peoples of the Steppes and Kievan Rus. [In Russian]
➤ Khrustalev, D. (2020) Rus and the Mongol Invasion (1220s–1250s). [In Russian]
➤ Khrapachevsky, R. (2005) The Military Empire of Genghis Khan. [In Russian]
—
➤ Ibn al-Athir. The Complete History.
➤ The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. I. [In Russian]
➤ Ata-Malik Juvayni. History of the World Conqueror.

🎼 Soundtracks:
➤ https://www.epidemicsound.com/
➤ https://app.envato.com/

#history #russia #mongols

00:00 — Intro
01:03 — The Battle of the Kalka River (1223)
04:34 — Medieval Rus: Political Context
09:03 — Mongol Empire and the Western Campaign
13:16 — The Conquest of Volga Bulgaria
19:12 — The Devastation of Ryazan

🚩 Naming Convention

The transliteration of medieval Rus’ names is currently a huge mess filled with anachronisms, mixes of forms that never coexisted, and outright wrong transliteration methods. Here’s my attempt to fix it:

1. All names are given as they were actually written in Old East Slavic, not in their modern forms: Volodimer instead of Vladimir/Volodymyr. No modern Russian, Ukrainian, or Belarusian forms are projected back onto the 13th century!
2. Every name follows the medieval Rus’ chronicles contemporary with the events – primarily the Hypatian and Laurentian codices and the Novgorod First Chronicle. Where the sources differ, the most common form wins (hence Kiev, not the rarer Kyev).
3. No diacritics. The system is based on the scientific transliteration of Cyrillic but adapted for readability. Letters with special marks (ě, š, č) are replaced with their standard English equivalents (e, sh, ch).
4. No dialects. Transliteration deals with letters, not local pronunciation. A city is spelled the same way whether the scene is set in Galich (in Galicia) or Galich (in Suzdalia), Volodimer (on Klyazma) or Volodimer (in Volhynia).

Other rules:
• Final and weak reduced vowels (ъ, ь) are dropped, strong ones are vocalized: Smolensk, not Smolnsk.
• Yat (ѣ) becomes e: Belgorod.
• Iotated vowels begin with Y, including initial e-: Izyaslavl, Yelets.
• The soft sign before a vowel becomes i: Mezhibozhie, Yuriev.
• Soft consonants take no apostrophe: Terebovl, not Terebovl’.
• Kh for х, zh / ch / sh / shch / ts for ж / ч / ш / щ / ц: Kholm, Galich.
• Y for ы: Rylsk.
• Explanatory add-ons are in English where possible (Novgorod the Great, Volodimer-on-Klyazma); where not, the epithet is transliterated (Galich Mersky).

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Fashion UK

The Insane Things 1950s Housewives Did to Look Younger (Doctors Approved!)

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Spotify

The Insane Things 1950s Housewives Did to Look Younger (Doctors Approved!)

Step into a calm, strange, and fascinating sleep history journey through the beauty routines 1950s housewives trusted to look younger. This boring history for sleep episode explores the creams, cosmetics, doctor-approved treatments, anti-aging promises, and vintage beauty rituals that shaped an entire generation of women.

In the 1950s, the perfect housewife was expected to look polished, youthful, cheerful, and flawless every single day. Behind the soft dresses, red lipstick, curled hair, and picture-perfect kitchens were beauty routines that could be surprisingly extreme. Some women used harsh creams, skin bleaches, hormone treatments, diet pills, facial gadgets, and cosmetic advice that was promoted as modern, scientific, and doctor approved. Many of these vintage beauty routines were advertised as safe solutions for wrinkles, tired skin, weight gain, and aging, even when the science was far less careful than it is today.

This relaxing history documentary takes you inside the world of 1950s housewives, where beauty standards were strict and anti-aging pressure was everywhere. From cold cream and heavy foundation to strange medical treatments and beauty products that promised eternal youth, this calm storytelling episode reveals how women were sold the dream of staying young forever. It is a soothing deep dive into 1950s beauty, vintage housewife life, old-fashioned skincare, and the hidden pressure behind the perfect American home.

Keep watching as we uncover the most shocking 1950s beauty secrets, the doctor-approved anti-aging trends, and the strange vintage skincare routines that defined an era. This boring history for sleep episode is perfect for slow listening, late-night learning, and relaxing while discovering the forgotten side of 1950s housewives.

Keep watching to see… boring history for sleep, 1950s housewives, vintage beauty routines, anti-aging history, relaxing history documentary

Subscribe for Best 1950s History. Inspired by Relaxing White Noise, Yellow Brick Cinema, Soothing Relaxation, Jason Stephenson, PowerThoughts Meditation Club.

Inspired by: What It Was Actually Like to Be a 1950s Housewife
Inspired by: The Secret Daily Life of a 1950s Housewife
Inspired by: The Dark Side of 1950s Beauty Standards
Inspired by: Strange Beauty Treatments Women Actually Used
Inspired by: Vintage Skincare Routines That Aged Terribly

Resources
Skin Care – Smithsonian National Museum of American History – https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/health-hygiene-and-beauty/skin-care
Make-up – Smithsonian Institution – https://www.si.edu/spotlight/health-hygiene-and-beauty/make-up
Anti-aging skin care – American Academy of Dermatology – https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging
US Regulatory Response to Thalidomide – Embryo Project Encyclopedia – https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/us-regulatory-response-thalidomide-1950-2000

(PG Clean, Family Friendly For Kids, No Swearing)

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Why Did Aviation Near-Misses Suddenly Stop Rising? #nasa #aviationsafety #dataanalysis #airsafety

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By 1999, aviation near-miss reports had nearly doubled from a decade earlier. Then — they just… stopped rising. For the next 25 years they sat flat, even as air travel kept growing (and crashed 60% in 2020 before fully recovering).

And 2005 is even weirder: reports dropped to the lowest point in the whole dataset, for no obvious reason. We checked — it’s not a gap in the data.

We dig into why in the full video ▶ https://youtu.be/kmCDav9EBlo?si=z2nUAYiiBvqtq8bP

#aviation #datastory #shorts #NASA #statistics #avgeek
aviation data, near miss statistics, aviation trends, data mystery, NASA data, flight safety trends, statistics explainer, shorts, 2005 anomaly
why did aviation near misses drop, aviation safety data trend, NASA near miss statistics, 2005 aviation report dip

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I Left the Hospital—My Husband Celebrated His Mistress’s Birthday, So I Left Him and He Regretted!

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Artistic & Safety DisclosureViewer discretion advised. Strictly forbidden for those under 18. 1.Nature of Content:This channel …

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Kennedy: “You make me want to throw up in my mouth”

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Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) accused former special counsel Jack Smith of bringing charges against then-former President Trump for political purposes, pressing him about why he took the job, his wife’s political views and whether the Biden White House played any role in the decision to prosecute President Trump.

“You make me want to throw up in my mouth,” the Louisiana Republican said as he concluded his questioning.

#cspan #johnkennedy #2020 #election #news

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🔴LIVE : తిరగబడ్డ తుఫాన్ | Weather Report | Severe Cyclone To Hit AP & Telangana | hmtv

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🔴LIVE : తిరగబడ్డ తుఫాన్ | Weather Report | Severe Cyclone To Hit AP & Telangana | hmtv

#rains #weatherupdate #cyclonealert #hmtvlive

Stay Connected with hmtv – The Heartbeat of Telugu News!
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HMTV
Welcome to hmtv Live, your trusted source for 24-hour news coverage that keeps you informed, aware, and connected. We bring you in-depth journalism across a wide spectrum – from breaking news, political analysis, and sports to entertainment, celebrity interviews from all film industries, and exclusive documentaries.

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Stay Connected with hmtv – The Heartbeat of Telugu News!

hmtv, Hyderabad’s trusted 24-hour Telugu news channel, delivers the most reliable and engaging updates tailored for audiences in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and beyond.

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hmtv Live is your one-stop destination for daily news, stories that matter, and voices that deserve to be heard.

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