Fashion UK
Mongol Invasion of Rus’ Begins | Siege of Ryazan (1237)
🚩 Watch more in-depth analyses of historical battles: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCXkFAimtCjdHRC3Po4vDcAFhtrsOhb8R
⚔️ In 1235, the great Mongol army under Batu and Subutai commenced its fateful Western Campaign. Their aim: to subjugate all peoples living west of the Mongol Empire, exactly as the great Genghis Khan had envisioned. But, before the Mongols could enter Europe proper, they would have to defeat the proud nations inhabiting the East European Plain – the nomadic Cumans of the Great Steppe and the divided principalities of medieval Rus. What followed was a grinding five-year campaign of savage brutality and devastation, fought in freezing conditions of Russian winter against a dogged and defiant opponent. Welcome to our first video on the Mongol invasion of Rus.
📝 Bibliography:
➤ Chambers, J. (1979) The Devil’s Horsemen. The Mongol Invasion of Europe
➤ Fennell, J. (1983) The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200—1304.
➤ Galeotti, M. (2024) Forged in War: A Military History of Russia, From its Beginnings to Today.
➤ Tolochko, P. (2003) Nomadic Peoples of the Steppes and Kievan Rus. [In Russian]
➤ Khrustalev, D. (2020) Rus and the Mongol Invasion (1220s–1250s). [In Russian]
➤ Khrapachevsky, R. (2005) The Military Empire of Genghis Khan. [In Russian]
—
➤ Ibn al-Athir. The Complete History.
➤ The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. I. [In Russian]
➤ Ata-Malik Juvayni. History of the World Conqueror.
🎼 Soundtracks:
➤ https://www.epidemicsound.com/
➤ https://app.envato.com/
#history #russia #mongols
00:00 — Intro
01:03 — The Battle of the Kalka River (1223)
04:34 — Medieval Rus: Political Context
09:03 — Mongol Empire and the Western Campaign
13:16 — The Conquest of Volga Bulgaria
19:12 — The Devastation of Ryazan
🚩 Naming Convention
The transliteration of medieval Rus’ names is currently a huge mess filled with anachronisms, mixes of forms that never coexisted, and outright wrong transliteration methods. Here’s my attempt to fix it:
1. All names are given as they were actually written in Old East Slavic, not in their modern forms: Volodimer instead of Vladimir/Volodymyr. No modern Russian, Ukrainian, or Belarusian forms are projected back onto the 13th century!
2. Every name follows the medieval Rus’ chronicles contemporary with the events – primarily the Hypatian and Laurentian codices and the Novgorod First Chronicle. Where the sources differ, the most common form wins (hence Kiev, not the rarer Kyev).
3. No diacritics. The system is based on the scientific transliteration of Cyrillic but adapted for readability. Letters with special marks (ě, š, č) are replaced with their standard English equivalents (e, sh, ch).
4. No dialects. Transliteration deals with letters, not local pronunciation. A city is spelled the same way whether the scene is set in Galich (in Galicia) or Galich (in Suzdalia), Volodimer (on Klyazma) or Volodimer (in Volhynia).
Other rules:
• Final and weak reduced vowels (ъ, ь) are dropped, strong ones are vocalized: Smolensk, not Smolnsk.
• Yat (ѣ) becomes e: Belgorod.
• Iotated vowels begin with Y, including initial e-: Izyaslavl, Yelets.
• The soft sign before a vowel becomes i: Mezhibozhie, Yuriev.
• Soft consonants take no apostrophe: Terebovl, not Terebovl’.
• Kh for х, zh / ch / sh / shch / ts for ж / ч / ш / щ / ц: Kholm, Galich.
• Y for ы: Rylsk.
• Explanatory add-ons are in English where possible (Novgorod the Great, Volodimer-on-Klyazma); where not, the epithet is transliterated (Galich Mersky).
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Fashion UK
Why Did Aviation Near-Misses Suddenly Stop Rising? #nasa #aviationsafety #dataanalysis #airsafety
By 1999, aviation near-miss reports had nearly doubled from a decade earlier. Then — they just… stopped rising. For the next 25 years they sat flat, even as air travel kept growing (and crashed 60% in 2020 before fully recovering).
And 2005 is even weirder: reports dropped to the lowest point in the whole dataset, for no obvious reason. We checked — it’s not a gap in the data.
We dig into why in the full video ▶ https://youtu.be/kmCDav9EBlo?si=z2nUAYiiBvqtq8bP
#aviation #datastory #shorts #NASA #statistics #avgeek
aviation data, near miss statistics, aviation trends, data mystery, NASA data, flight safety trends, statistics explainer, shorts, 2005 anomaly
why did aviation near misses drop, aviation safety data trend, NASA near miss statistics, 2005 aviation report dip
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Fashion UK
I Left the Hospital—My Husband Celebrated His Mistress’s Birthday, So I Left Him and He Regretted!
Artistic & Safety DisclosureViewer discretion advised. Strictly forbidden for those under 18. 1.Nature of Content:This channel …
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Fashion UK
Kennedy: “You make me want to throw up in my mouth”
Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) accused former special counsel Jack Smith of bringing charges against then-former President Trump for political purposes, pressing him about why he took the job, his wife’s political views and whether the Biden White House played any role in the decision to prosecute President Trump.
“You make me want to throw up in my mouth,” the Louisiana Republican said as he concluded his questioning.
#cspan #johnkennedy #2020 #election #news
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Fashion UK
🔴LIVE : తిరగబడ్డ తుఫాన్ | Weather Report | Severe Cyclone To Hit AP & Telangana | hmtv
🔴LIVE : తిరగబడ్డ తుఫాన్ | Weather Report | Severe Cyclone To Hit AP & Telangana | hmtv
#rains #weatherupdate #cyclonealert #hmtvlive
Stay Connected with hmtv – The Heartbeat of Telugu News!
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Fashion UK
CAPRICORN ⟣ YOU are MOVING! EVERYTHING is about to get SO GOOD for YOU. ⭐️🪻
Capricorn Tarot & Psychic Reading ✦ continue reading below:
✦ BOOK WITH ME / MY WEBSITE: https://PHEN0MENA.square.site/
[ click on my website link above, purchase your service, then fill out/submit the contact form on my website ]
✦ KOFI / GROUP RITUAL ENTRY: https://ko-fi.com/phenomenatarot
⟢ Border Angels: https://www.borderangels.org/
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✦ ALL MY LINKS: https://linktr.ee/PHENOMENA
[ everything in one place ]
✦ PAYPAL: ( https://paypal.me/Moonectar?country.x=US&locale.x=en_US )
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Mondays & Thursdays
✦ Calculate your birth chart (free): https://astro.cafeastrology.com/natal.php
♡ 𝓉𝒽𝒶𝓃𝓀 𝓎𝑜𝓊 ♡
00:00 it’s goat time
02:55 Announcement!
05:16 Your Reading Resumes
17:17 Just a reminder that yr a bada55 ♡
#capricorn #capricornhoroscope #capricorntarot
DISCLAIMER: My readings are not a replacement for mental health or medical treatment. I am not responsible for any decisions made as a result of my videos.
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