What happened to the wives of the first Ottoman sultans, Osman and Orhan, as two endowment deeds from the 1320s record them.

The oldest dated Ottoman endowment deed, from 1323, was made by Asporca, a wife of Orhan, and the chronicles never mention her. A deed from 1324 names Mal Hatun, daughter of Omer Bey, and the historian Feridun Emecen traces the television name Bala Hatun to a copyist’s slip in writing Mal. The file also follows Nilufer, mother of Murad I, and the Byzantine princess Theodora, who married Orhan in 1346.

Should the stories keep the names millions have seen on screen, or should the two deeds have the last word? Tell us in the comments.

Chapters

0:00 The missing name
1:14 What the founder left behind
2:30 The sheikh’s daughter
3:49 Bala
6:24 Two witnesses
8:12 Water lily
10:48 Iznik
11:41 Theodora
13:38 Asporca
14:55 After
17:20 How the stories lived
17:59 The river today
18:32 Where do you stand?
18:58 Two deeds

Sources

Leslie P. Peirce, The Imperial Harem (1993), pp. 32-37
Feridun Emecen, “Mal Hatun”, TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi, Ek-2 (2019)
Feridun Emecen, “Nilufer Hatun”, TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi 33 (2007)
Halil Inalcik, “Osman I”, “Orhan” and “Murad I”, TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi 31 and 33
Saadet Maydaer, ISTEM 20/40 (2022)
Haberturk, 5 June 2022, on the Nilufer river today

Archive images (public domain): Topkapi Palace Museum, Osman I (1579); Ottoman miniature of Orhan (16th century); Leon Benett, Ibn Battuta (1878); BnF gr. 1242 and Biblioteca Estense gr. 122, John VI Kantakouzenos (14th and 15th century); Cristoforo Buondelmonti, Constantinople (1420); Thomas Allom, Brusa (1836)

Typewriter sound: lonemonk, Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0)

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